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Sustainability, inclusiveness and governance of mini-grids in Africa (SIGMA)
DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY
With approximately one billion people lacking access to electricity in the world, nothing short of a socio-technical transformation is required to reach the objectives of universal electrification by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 600 million lacking access to electricity, requires a special attention. Although off-grid and decentralised solutions are expected to play a significant role and mini-grids are assumed to be a game changer for a rapid, cost-effective, pro-poor, universal electrification globally, the green mini-grid sector has not grown rapidly. Progress has been patchy between and within countries, across rural areas and informal urban settlements and between high and low-income communities. Among the barriers to scaling up mini-grids in Africa are lack of mini-grid specific regulatory framework, unproven business models, demand uncertainty, limited access to finance and lack of capacity. The main aim of this proposal is to improve our understanding of sustainability, inclusiveness and governance of mini-grids in general and those in sub-Saharan Africa in particular, by developing an improved evidence base and a multi-dimensional appreciation of issues and challenges that can support better decision-making for universal electrification globally. The project has been conceptualised through a collaborative process involving a team of UK-based researchers and research teams from four sub-Saharan Africa countries (namely Nigeria, Senegal, Kenya and Tanzania). We have identified four main research questions. 1) Which business models have succeeded to deliver financially and technically viable mini-grids in SSA? 2) Who and what have been the key beneficiaries of mini-grids in the case study countries and in what way? 3) Who drives or hinders the proliferation and the speed of adoption of mini-grids in East and West Africa? 4) What governance, regulatory and policy frameworks for decentralised systems of electricity provision exist in each case study country, how successful have they been and how do they differ? Our analytical approach sits at the intersection of human geography, development studies, engineering and sustainability transitions. The research is necessarily inter-disciplinary in order to understand complex interactions between financial, technological, political, socio-economic and cultural factors. We plan to develop a political economy framework and a sustainability framework to analyse electricity access in developing countries, with a particular focus on mini-grids. Our case studies (two from West Africa, Nigeria and Senegal and two from East Africa, Kenya and Tanzania) present fascinating grounds for comparison and have been selected on the basis of their diversity of governance models and differing levels of decentralised electricity provisions within their specific national and sub-national contexts. The work is organised in seven work packages and will be delivered over a period of 36 months. We would undertake an extensive review of literature on mini-grids, sustainability, governance, political economy and inclusiveness covering (WP1). We plan to develop our analytical frameworks at the end of this task. In WP2, we would focus on building the evidence base by collecting relevant information on mini-grids and developing a mini-grids database for four countries of our study. The database will then be used to analyse the status of mini-grids in each case study country. WP 3, 4 and 5 are devoted to analysis of sustainability, inclusiveness and governance of mini-grids. This will be done at the level of each country and also at cross-country comparative level. WP6 is devoted to communication, dissemination and impact generation activities while WP7 is devoted to project management. The novelty of the proposal lies in its evidence-based approach to uncover challenges of mini-grids and to develop strategies for successful businesses that are sustainable and inclusive. COVID-19
REPP - Renewable Energy Performance Platform
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Renewable Energy Performance Platform is a private finance investment vehicle to mobilise private sector development activity and investment in small and medium scale renewable energy projects in sub-Saharan Africa. This is through providing technical assistance, development capital and ‘viability gap’ financing, giving communities access to clean energy supplies and avoiding greenhouse gas emissions.
On and off Grid Small Scale Renewable Energy in Uganda
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To improve the environment for private investment in Uganda’s renewable energy sector by accelerating the market for off grid solar energy and supporting the construction of at least 17 on-grid small scale power plants. This will increase Uganda’s energy production by approximately 20%, improve access to clean and modern energy for over 200,000 households and businesses or 1.2m people; mobilise up to £240 million in private finance and stabilise Uganda’s power sector finances by saving approximately $260m to 2.7bn during the period 2013-35, and lead to greenhouse gas emission savings of between 1 and 10 MtCO2e.
Nepal Local Infrastructure Support Programme (LISP)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Local Infrastructure Support Programme will improve Nepal’s new local and provincial governments’ delivery of the local infrastructure services demanded by rural citizens to create jobs and drive economic development. LISP will do this by providing technical assistance and performance-based capital funding to improve the delivery and resilience of local infrastructure. It will focus on increasing the legitimacy and accountability of local government to their citizens. LISP will directly support the use of the systems and capacity developed by the sister Provincial and Local Government Support Programme.
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