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Rwanda
Renewable Energy Agro-Processing Hubs for Energy Access and Economic Development in Rural Rwanda
DEPARTMENT FOR SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Our project, REAP (Renewable Energy Agro-Processing) hub, is a transformative initiative aimed at empowering rural communities by providing sustainable access to renewable energy and enhancing their food production capacities. Through the integration of innovative technologies and community-driven approaches, we seek to create lasting social, economic, and environmental impact in underserved regions. At the heart of our project is the vision to address the energy poverty prevalent in remote rural areas, where communities face challenges due to lack of reliable and affordable energy. Bby harnessing the power of renewable energy, we can unlock tremendous potential, enabling these communities to improve their quality of life and drive sustainable development. We begin with robust community engagement and needs assessment to truly understand the energy requirements and aspirations users. By working closely with the target communities, we ensure that our solutions are tailored to their specific needs and integrate seamlessly into their daily lives. Through strategic partnerships (Smart Villages Research Group and NjordFrey), we will deploy renewable energy technologies to support high yield fish/vegetable production with value addition (cooling/food drying). Intelligently monitored and coordinated through a digital monitoring system, the REAP hub will automatically balance the energy and production demands to increase efficiency and reduce energy and production costs. The REAP project extends beyond energy access. We recognise the vital role of productive systems in rural communities, such as agriculture and small-scale enterprises. By incorporating energy into these systems, we unlock new opportunities for income generation, value-chain development, and market access. This integrated approach fosters economic growth, creates employment, and reduces poverty, ensuring long-term sustainability. Furthermore, our project aligns closely with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). By promoting renewable solutions and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, we contribute to combating climate change. The impact of the REAP project last far longer than our project implementation. The knowledge, skills, and partnerships developed throughout the project will serve as a catalyst for replication and scaling up to 2,000 hubs across Sub-Saharan Africa, fostering widespread adoption of renewable energy solutions and transformative development models. Through collaboration, innovation, and a deep commitment to sustainable development, REAP aims to empower rural communities, unlock their potential, and create a brighter future for all. Together, we can build resilient communities, promote Gender and Social inclusivity, and achieve a greener and more prosperous world.
IKIRERE - Innovation And Knowledge Integration For Resilience In East Africa Through Climate Research And Education
DEPARTMENT FOR SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Climate extremes such as droughts, floods and heatwaves affect many parts of the world, already having devastating impacts on human health, food security, livelihoods, infrastructure and water resources. East Africa is one of the regions most prone to these extreme events, and particularly vulnerable due to its strong reliance on rain-fed agriculture and limited resources to mitigate their effects. As climate change intensifies, these extreme events are predicted to be longer, more severe and more frequent, thus adding extra pressure on already overburdened developing nations, who have contributed the least to the greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming. One way to help East African nations adapt to climate change and be more resilient to extreme events is through improved understanding of the drivers and indicators of these phenomena, which can be used to develop effective early-warning systems. However, there are still a lot of uncertainties around how these extreme events develop in the region and what early indications may exist. Some of the barriers these countries face are a lack of measurements on the ground, limited access to data, and reduced capacity to undertake the necessary research due to lack of funding and low uptake of physics as a career (including climate physics), particularly by women. In this project (‘IKIRERE’, which means ‘climate’ in Kinyarwanda) we have partnered with colleagues in Rwanda and Tanzania to address two key climate change challenges affecting their societies and economies: uncertainties related to drought and heatwaves, and the reduced capacity in the field of climate physics. By combining scientific and capacity-building activities we will provide a comprehensive solution that not only sheds light on two pressing issues, namely droughts and heatwaves, but also contributes to building the next generation of local talent that will help their countries independently research, manage, mitigate and adapt to climate challenges in the long term. Our objectives are: Generate new knowledge of soil moisture droughts and heatwaves in East Africa through the use of physical process models, state-of-the-art methods and datasets. Exploit new technological methods, including explainable AI and physics-based machine-learning emulators. Build the capacity of early-career African researchers through dedicated workshops, with a focus on gender equality. Raise awareness of the importance of quality physics-based climate research through outreach in schools, including resources for primary schools and a dedicated Physics-Camp workshop for older pupils. We expect the outcomes of this project will have many benefits and applications. Some of the methods and tools developed for IKIRERE will be the building blocks for a future Digital Twin of droughts and heatwaves, which will help democratise access to climate data and provide decision support to stakeholders. The new knowledge of droughts and heatwaves will form the basis of new early-warning systems and help inform the affected countries to be better prepared for future events. The new educational tools and materials, supported by the UK STEM Learning Centre and GEO/CEOS, will reach large numbers of users through our collaboration with Digital Earth Africa. The school activities and dedicated physics workshops will train and inspire a wide range of local students and researchers, who may go on to take careers in climate physics. Finally, the dedicated gender equality workshop will raise awareness of the unique issues women face to the uptake of STEM careers and help break barriers.
E-LIEU : A unique Energy resource in the face of naturaL rIsks: LakE KivU (Rwanda)
DEPARTMENT FOR SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Lake Kivu is located on the border of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, along the western branch of the East African Rift, a region of active volcanism and high seismicity. The lake spans nearly 2400 km2 and contains nearly 60 km3 of methane (CH4) and over 300 km3 of carbon dioxide (CO2), dissolved in the deep and saline lake waters, from 250m- 485m below the surface. Upper waters of the lake are less saline and ventilated by inflow of cold but relatively fresh groundwater at 250-260m, leading to a strong, stable density stratification called the chemocline. The lake's unique stratification, combined with volcanic and tectonic activity, presents a natural risk of overturning known as a limnic eruption. Methane from Lake Kivu is extracted for electricity production in Rwanda by KivuWatt (owned by Contour Global, UK), who produce 26 MW, and Shema Power Lake Kivu (SPLK) (RW) who produce about 37 MW of power, with plans to increase the rate of extraction. This represents a very significant fraction of the energy needed for the 400 MW of power used in Rwanda: at present extraction rates, the lake could continue producing power for over 100 years. Gas is produced by extracting water from a depth of 260-270m. As it decompresses, the CH4 and CO2 come out of solution. The degassed water is then reinjected into the lake, near the chemocline. The CH4 and CO2 are separated by washing the gas in a stream of shallow lake water, extracted from a depth of 60-70m, at a pressure of about 6 atm. This water resorbs the CO2 and some H2S, and is then reinjected at a depth of 70-100m, while the CH4 remains as a gas and is transported to power plants on the lake shore. We plan to develop fundamental new understanding of the fate of the return water, both (A) injected deep in the lake, near the chemocline, to ensure minimal dilution of the methane rich deep water, and also (B) injected much shallower in the lake with the resorbed CO2, to ensure this does not degrade or stress the surface water ecosystem, especially the fish which are an important food resource. The research will involve running small-scale laboratory and theoretical models of the mixing produced by the plumes of reinjected water. This will enable accurate predictions of the evolving stratification and gas concentration in the lake over the next 50-75 years. We will use the models to explore different approaches for reinjection to identify the most effective approach. We will also develop new quantitative understanding of the risks and likelihood of a lake overturn event, leading to a major release of the dissolved gas, perhaps triggered by a fissure eruption of the nearby and active Nyiragongo Volcano. We will work with the University of Rwanda to build a cohort of students in Rwanda with specialist modelling capability on lake mixing; we will run workshops describing the research and demonstrating modelling tools which will emerge from the project, with KivuWatt and SPLK, as well as REMA the government environment agency and REG, which maintains and operates the energy infrastructure in Rwanda. This will help optimise the longevity of the power generation from Lake Kivu, minimise impact on the shallow lake ecosystem; and assess the evolving risks of a limnic eruption.
Global Programme on Sustainability
Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs
The programme supports sustainable economic growth that is both long-lasting and resilient to climate-related stressors. It does this through the integration of natural capital into decision making by governments, the private sector and financial institutions. The inability to value natural capital can undermine long-term growth and critically, the livelihoods of the poorest people dependent on ecosystems for their livelihoods. This programme directly addresses this challenge by (i) investing in data and research on natural capital; (ii) assisting countries to integrate this analysis into government policy making; and (iii) integrating this data and analysis into financial sector decision making.
Darwin Initiative
Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs
The Darwin Initiative is the UK’s flagship international challenge fund for biodiversity conversation and poverty reduction, established at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The Darwin Initiative is a grant scheme working on projects that aim to slow, halt, or reverse the rates of biodiversity loss and degradation, with associated reductions in multidimensional poverty. To date, the Darwin Initiative has awarded more than £195m to over 1,280 projects in 159 countries to enhance the capability and capacity of national and local stakeholders to deliver biodiversity conservation and multidimensional poverty reduction outcomes in low and middle-income countries. More information at https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/the-darwin-initiative. This page contains information about Rounds 27 onwards. For information about Rounds 1 to 26, please see the Darwin Initiative website -https://www.darwininitiative.org.uk/
Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund
Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs
Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a widespread and lucrative criminal activity causing major global environmental and social harm. The IWT has been estimated to be worth up to £17 billion a year. Nearly 6,000 different species of fauna and flora are impacted, with almost every country in the world playing a role in the illicit trade. The UK government is committed to tackling illegal trade of wildlife products and is a long-standing leader in efforts to eradicate the IWT. Defra manages the Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund, which is a competitive grants scheme with the objective of tackling IWT and, in doing so, contributing to sustainable development in developing countries. Projects funded under the Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund address one, or more, of the following themes: • Developing sustainable livelihoods to benefit people directly affected by IWT, • Strengthening law enforcement, • Ensuring effective legal frameworks, • Reducing demand for IWT products. By 2023 over £51 million has been committed to 157 projects since the Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund was established in 2013. This page contains information about Rounds 7 onwards. For information about Rounds 1 to 6, please see the IWTCF website -https://iwt.challengefund.org.uk/
Paradigm Tower Ventures
British International Investment plc
Paradigm Infrastructure was established in 2019 to pursue opportunities to develop shared wireless infrastructure in selected emerging and growth markets. Responsible for operation of over 90,000 towers sites and the negotiation of multiple tower transactions.
Ampersand USA, Inc
British International Investment plc
Ampersand is an East African electric mobility company. It deploys a battery swapping model focused on electric two-wheelers across Rwanda and Kenya. Ampersand's solution is a cleaner and cheaper alternative to petrol motorcycles.
ABSA Bank Ltd
British International Investment plc
Absa is sub-Saharan Africa's third largest bank, operating in 14 countries.
BasiGo Rwanda Limited
British International Investment plc
BasiGo is an innovative e-mobility company bringing the future of clean, electric public transport to sub-Saharan Africa. Headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, the company offers state-of-the-art electric buses along with charging and maintenance services for public service bus operators. BasiGo makes electric buses affordable to operators through an innovative financing model called “Pay-As-You-Drive” (PAYD). BasiGo has now expanded to Rwanda, incorporating BasiGo Rwanda, and commenced provision of ebus services on its PAYD model in Kigali. It has plans to scale services across the country
Learning and Inclusion For Transformation (LIFT)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Improved learning outcomes and more equitable access to quality primary education for girls and boys in Rwanda, including those currently out of school and children with disabilities
Exiting Poverty in Rwanda
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Exiting Poverty in Rwanda Programme will provide support to the Government of Rwanda to help create and scale up a more sustainable, self-financed and inclusive system for supporting the most vulnerable, helping the poor manage shocks and enabling more people to sustainably exit poverty. The programme will provide financial aid to the Government of Rwanda to scale up provision of Social Protection to the poorest. It will put a stronger emphasis on sustainability and on working towards a clear exit strategy from the Social Protection Sector in the future. The focus of the programme therefore is strengthening government systems to build effectiveness, government ownership and long-term sustainability of the programme. This phase of support is expected to deliver the impact of extreme poverty eradicated, and poverty levels reduced, with an outcome of the resilience of vulnerable men, women and children and of the Social Protection systems that help sustain them enhanced.
Public Finance Resource Centre (PFRC)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The PFRC offers technical assistance to ODA eligible countries in the fields of tax, public financial management (PFM) and broader macro-fiscal work, including debt management. The PFRC is intended to mobilise flexible technical assistance more quickly than is currently available, responding to clear demand for such support from partner countries. The PFRC is one of 3 pillars of the UK Centre of Expertise for Public Finance to help partner countries access technical expertise.
Twiyubakire – Effective and Accountable Governance for Development
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Twiyubakire will be the UK’s flagship governance programme in Rwanda and a key tool to deliver the Political, Governance and Security objective of our country plan. The programme will also contribute to wider country plan objectives: more efficient, effective, and accountable local governance and PFM systems are important to mitigate risks of UK financial aid across sectors, and will support our education, social protection, and economic development goals.
The Evidence Fund - 300708
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Evidence Fund procures and manages research and evaluations that primarily benefit ODA eligible countries. Most research and evaluations paid for by the Evidence Fund are country-specific, and all respond to requests for evidence to inform programme or policy decisions. Primarily serving research requests from HMG’s Embassies and High Commissions in ODA eligible countries, and from HMG policy and strategy teams, the Evidence Fund strengthens the evidence behind the UK’s priority international development investments and development diplomacy. The Evidence Fund also invests modest amounts of non-ODA, to strengthen the evidence behind wider UK foreign policy.
Data For Foundational Learning
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Data for Foundational Learning programme aims to drive for the expansion of more and better education data for foundational learning and support the monitoring and delivery of both global milestones on access and learning, particularly girls reading by age 10.
Tackling Deadly Diseases in Africa Programme 2
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Tackling Deadly Diseases in Africa 2 (TDDAP 2) programme will help implement the UK’s vision for progress on health security in Africa. It will provide technical and financial support to build health security capacity in up to 5 selected countries, including middle ground powers, strengthen key regional bodies such as the Africa Centre for Disease Control and establish long-term partnerships between African, UK and global institutions. Outcomes; • Strengthened regional institutions to help build and improve global health security; • Improved national public health systems and functions with increased national ownership and leadership of outbreak responses; • Communities trained and provided with the knowledge and tools to identify risks and respond to outbreaks; • An emergency response/contingency mechanism to enable the UK to quickly respond to disease outbreaks and help prevent these from escalating to crisis; • Independent monitoring and evaluation component
TEA - Transforming Energy Access
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
TEA is the flagship FCDO research and innovation platform supporting early-stage testing and scale-up of innovative technologies and business models that accelerate access to affordable, clean, and modern energy in developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Indo-Pacific, enabling sustainable and inclusive growth. TEA seeks to improve clean energy access for 25 million people, create 170,000 green jobs, and leverage £1.3 billion of additional investment into clean energy technology research, innovation and scale-up. It contributes to International Climate Finance (ICF) objectives and it is the main FCDO platform for delivery of the £1 billion UK Ayrton Fund for clean energy innovation between 2021 and 2026. TEA is delivered by four lead FCDO partners - Carbon Trust, Innovate UK, Shell Foundation, and ESMAP – and a network to date of more than 750 downstream partners delivering research and innovation activities in more than 60 countries.
FSDA - Financial Sector Deepening Africa Platform
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To drive inclusive growth through a combination of grants and development capital investments that build financial markets and institutions. The programme delivers ambitious multi-country activities and focused, local interventions which seek to strengthen capital markets, promote financial innovation, and help Africa finance a greener future.
British Council: Official Development Assistance (ODA) support
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
Strengthening cultural and educational development by building skills and capacity and by creating new opportunities and connections with the UK