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Caregiver influences on child psychological adjustment following trauma; a longitudinal study of a high adversity South African population
DEPARTMENT FOR SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
"Children who experience very frightening or traumatic events (such as car accidents, assaults, serious injuries) are vulnerable to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological difficulties following their experiences. Such problems can be extremely distressing, and affect a significant proportion of trauma exposed children. One factor that has the potential to influence such outcomes is the informal support that children receive from their parents/caregivers posttrauma. In research we have conducted in the UK, we found that certain aspects of caregiver responses can have an impact upon children's psychological recovery following trauma. In particular, where caregivers encourage ways of coping in children that allow them to avoid being reminded of the trauma, and/or talk to children about what happened in a way that emphasizes high levels of threat associated with the trauma, children are more likely to experience persistent symptoms of PTSD. These caregiver responses may influence child symptoms as a consequence of children themselves then making more negative appraisals in relation to what happened, and by influencing child coping behaviours. We propose to extend our UK work to the study of a high adversity international population. To date, only a small proportion of PTSD research has been conducted in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This omission is important, as LMIC children may be particularly vulnerable to trauma exposure for a variety of reasons (e.g., poverty, crime, regional conflict). It is essential to establish whether psychological and social processes that have been linked to child PTSD in lower risk settings still apply in contexts where levels of ongoing threat and the likelihood of exposure to recurrent traumas are high. In particular, although we know that caregiver support is a key predictor of child psychological recovery following trauma in high income countries, our understanding of the elements of support that can help children from high adversity, lower income contexts is almost non-existent. This is important, as such children are almost certain to rely on such informal support following trauma exposure, due to limited access to formal psychological services. To address this critical gap in our knowledge, we plan to study the psychosocial factors that contribute to PTSD in a group of children (aged 8-16 years) from a deprived community in South Africa, in which rates of serious trauma exposure are extremely high. We will recruit 250 children who have experienced trauma within 2 weeks following the event. We measure how caregivers provide support, as well as children's initial levels of symptoms. We will then follow-up children and caregivers 3 months and 6 months later, measuring their PTSD symptoms. We will examine whether there are particular elements of caregiver support in the aftermath of trauma that are associated with higher or lower levels of symptoms in children further down the line. We we also will test whether caregiver influences operate via changing key psychological processes (trauma appraisals, coping) in the child, and will take account of caregivers' own trauma-related distress in our study. In addition to helping us to understand what kind of social support is best for children who experience trauma, our project will provide much needed information about the development of PTSD in children from high adversity, low income communities. This is important: at the moment we are lacking even basic information about risk of PTSD in the acute aftermath of trauma among such children, including the proportion who will initially develop this disorder following trauma, the window of time during which children may recover naturally following the event, and the proportion likely to experience persistent disorder and need intervention. This is a major barrier to developing screening and intervention programmes, which our study will be able to address. " COVID-19
Highlight: Identifying barriers to mental healthcare for civilians affected by protracted armed conflict in Colombia
DEPARTMENT FOR SCIENCE, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
"This will be the first project to identify invisible victims using innovative data-linkage between i) a nationally representative psychiatric epidemiological study (N=12k+) that used active case ascertainment in the general population, and; ii) data fromthe national mental health programme (N=1 million+), and the first to examine quality of care at the population level. We will use robust statistical analysis to identify: 1) social, health, and demographic drivers of being an invisible victim of conflict - who has conflict-related mental health needs but who never accesses services 2) social, health, and demographic drivers of treatment delay, quality of care, and outcome in people with conflict-related mental health needs who successfully access services 3) the extent to which gender-based and sexual violence mediates conflict-related mental health needs and poor treatment access / outcome in women and girls All 3 aims address urgent national policy issues. Aim 3 was suggested, and most prioritised by, our panel of people with lived experience of the armed conflict who will continue to co-produce this project."
Bangladesh-Collaborative, Accountable and Peaceful Politics (B-CAPP) Programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To protect civic space, foster political collaboration, reduce corruption, and mitigate conflict and violence in Bangladesh, the Bangladesh- Collaborative, Accountable and Peaceful Politics programme will mobilise civil society and media coalitions, provide citizens groups with tools to monitor public services, improve decision making within political parties and promote women and youth leadership.
Enhancing the bilateral relationship between the UK and Laos
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
This programme will consist of six small projects that will all work towards supporting our overall Embassy Country Business Plan goals. This will specifically include – - Supporting poverty reduction - Improving basic healthcare - Empowering the participation of women in defending environmental rights - Implementing a mobile veterinary unit in Laos - Enhancing the collaboration of the UK and Lao government through supporting attendance at global conferences
Strengthening disaster resilience in Nepal
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
This project will strengthen disaster resilience in Nepal, particularly to earthquakes, by working with urban centres to build and plan more safely; supporting the strengthening of critical public infrastructure to earthquakes; working to strengthen national capacity to respond to crises and ensure that the international community is prepared; and ensuring that the UK is able to support a humanitarian response should a crises hit.
LAFIYA -UK Support for Health in Nigeria
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To save lives, reduce suffering and improve economic prospects for the poorest and most vulnerable in Nigeria through: i. Encouraging Government of Nigeria to increase resources invested in health (through advocacy, community accountability; and data to inform government prioritisation using a “delivery” approach, as used successfully in Pakistan) ii. Improving effectiveness and efficiency of public and private basic health services (through innovative financing mechanisms, strengthening health systems and working with private sector to deliver affordable health services for the poorest populations) iii. Reducing total fertility rate (through addressing social norms, demographic impact analysis, and support to family planning commodities and services).
Mozambique Demographic Transition - Waala - Programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To contribute to a more favourable enabling environment for the demographic transition in Mozambique, through coordinated action with others. The FCDO will use programming, evidence and diplomacy to influence decision-makers to increase investments towards cost-effective interventions that will accelerate changes in the population structure. These interventions will help young people to fulfil their potential by preventing unintended pregnancies and improving the literacy and numeracy skills among girls. The Government’s systems will be strengthened to include population issues in planning and budgeting. Over 130,000 unintended pregnancies will be averted resulting in 427,000 users of modern contraceptives. These investments should help to offset deteriorating human capital outcomes because of COVID-19.
Essential Services for Maternal and Child Health [Services Essentiels de Santé Maternelle et Infantile en RDC (SEMI)]
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To support essential maternal, child and infant health services to end preventable deaths in one of the poorest provinces in DRC and strengthen the health system at national and provincial level.
HEALTH Systems Connect
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Official Development Assistance (ODA) Flag ODA (100% ODA) Title Health Systems Connect: NHS England Description The Programme aim is to provide posts and host governments with access to British health expertise through technical exchange with experts working across the UK’s health policy, planning and delivery ecosystem to support countries across the official development assistance (ODA) eligible FCDO network to achieve universal health coverage.
Better Health in Bangladesh (BHB) Programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To deliver more and higher quality services, contributing to better health through technical assistance and policy engagement. The programme is contributing to ending preventable deaths of mothers, babies and children, tackling antimicrobial resistance and addressing climate change impact on health.
Tristan da Cunha Provision of Technical Assistance and Essential Infrastructure 2023 to 2025
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To enable the Administration of Tristan da Cunha to provide appropriate public services to meet the basic health, education, safeguarding and governance needs of the island community, through the provision of professional expertise and training.
Health Resilience Fund in Zimbabwe 2021-2025
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To support a resilient health system in Zimbabwe that is equipped to deliver quality sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition services.
Support to the Palestinian Authority to Deliver Basic Services, Build Stability and Promote Reform in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (SSRP)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To support the Palestinian Authority (PA) to meet the needs of the Palestinian people. Funding will enable around 25,000 young Palestinians with access to an education, provide up to 3,700 immunisations for children, and 185,000 medical consultations each year. This will help to build and strengthen the capacity of PA institutions through public financial management reform, and build stability in the region by preserving the two state solution.
Ethiopia Crises 2 Resilience (EC2R)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Ethiopia Crises to Resilience (EC2R) programme is aimed to alleviate the impact of the conflict and drought to the poorest Ethiopians. The programme tries to address urgent humanitarian needs while maintaining the delivery of essential services across the country.
Better Lives for Somali Women and Children
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To achieve UK's manifesto commitment of reducing preventable deaths, the Better Lives for Somali Women and Children will continue to respond to the health and nutrition needs of the Somali people. There will be a continued focus on delivering an essential package of health services. The programme will strengthen the Somali Health Authorities oversight of service provision, which will in turn promote local accountability and allow them increasingly to respond to the needs of their populations. This programme approach aims to support long term sustainability and state building that is part of the wider strategic agenda. There will also be a climate change mitigation component (ICF) within the programme.
Tanzania Health Resilience Programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Drawing on the UK’s comparative advantage and priorities, and in line with Tanzania’s health sector strategy, the programme will: 1. Increase access, quality and equity of life-saving primary health care services by strengthening health systems that support ending preventable deaths of mothers, new-borns, and children (EPD). 2. Strengthen government ability to respond to health threats by supporting integrated disease surveillance systems at community level, and support preparedness systems and the initial response to disease outbreaks. 3. Support the increase and use of data to inform decision making and resource allocation to deliver equitable health outcomes. The programme will support Tanzania to regain momentum towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2030 as measured by a change in Tanzania’s UHC index.
Active Citizenship Through Inclusive Volunteering & Empowerment (ACTIVE) programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
ACTIVE will increase local accountability, inclusion and reduce poverty by identifying and empowering the most vulnerable and marginalised people (especially women and girls, the young and people with disabilities) to lead and shape their own development. It will support vulnerable and marginalised people to take-action on issues important to them. It will strengthen civil society and build a culture of volunteerism and civic engagement whilst building the capacity of governments and service providers to respond to the demands of marginalised citizens.
Middle East and North Africa Regional Humanitarian Response.
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
This project will provide support to the MENA region to respond to crises in order to: Save lives and prevent suffering via humanitarian support, including to international partners. Facilitate the enabling environment of the humanitarian response in country, through close engagement with national authorities and humanitarian partners, and advocacy towards effective coordination. Maximise impact, promote UK leadership and strengthen bilateral relations with partner Governments.
Somaliland Development Fund (SDF) Phase II Programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To improve governance, accountability and public service delivery by the Government of Somaliland. This will promote long-term stability in the region and improve the lives of poor Somalilanders. This programme contributes to our SDGs by delivering public services, and building core government capacity and functions and will result in improved planning and delivery for development priorities by 2022.
Investing in Human Capital through Partnerships Beyond Aid in the Social Sectors Programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To improve governance and accountability in education, health and social protection sectors and contribute to policy and research which will inform interventions to improve equity and reduce poverty.
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