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Expanding safe water and waste management service access to off-grid urban populations in Africa
DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY
According to WHO/UNICEF, whilst 91.8% of urban households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had access to piped or protected groundwater sources in 2015, only 46.2% had safely managed water available when needed. Vendors provide a key role in supplying urban off-grid populations, with consumption of bottled or bagged water (sachets, water sold in 500ml plastic bags) growing in SSA. Whilst several studies show bottles and bags are usually free from faecal contamination, given that many off-grid urban populations lack solid waste disposal services, when people drink such water, there can be problems disposing of the plastic bags and bottles afterwards. This project aims to deliver evidence on the different ways that people sell water to off-grid populations and what this means for plastic waste management. We plan to do this in Ghana, where most urban household now drink bagged water, and by way of contrast, Kenya, where the government has banned plastic bags. In this way, we want to widen access to safe water and waste management services among urban off-grid populations, by supporting water-sellers and waste collectors to fill the gaps in municipal services. Both countries (and many others elsewhere) already have nationwide household surveys that collect data on the food and goods people consume and the services they have. However, as yet, these surveys have not been connected to the problem of waste management. We plan to visit marketplaces, buying foods and then recording packaging and organic waste. By combining this information with the household survey data, we can work out how much domestic waste like plastics gets collected and how much is discarded or burned, ultimately entering the atmosphere or oceans. In Ghana, we will also survey informal waste collectors in urban Greater Accra. We want to find out how much these small businesses support waste collection and recycling across this urban region (particularly plastic from bagged water), so we can help government identify gaps in waste collection coverage. We also believe highlighting the important role of small waste collectors could lead to greater business support for such collectors. We will also evaluate whether community education campaigns to encourage domestic waste recycling reduce the amount of waste and plastic observed in the local environment. Such campaigns are currently pursued by several local charities with support from the Plastic Waste Management Project. In Kenya, where water is usually sold in jerrycans rather than bagged, the jerrycan water often gets contaminated. We plan to find out whether this jerrycan water is safer under an arrangement known as delegated management. This involves a water utility passing on management of the piped network to a local business in slum areas, so as to reduce vandalism of pipes and bring water closer to slum-dwellers. We will compare water quality in areas with and without this arrangement to see if it makes the water sold safer. We also plan to bring water-sellers and consumers together to find and test ways of reducing contamination of water between a jerry-can being filled and water being drunk at home. Rather than imposing a solution, we want to work together with vendors and consumers on this issue, but there are for example containers designed to keep water cleaner that we could explore. Through these activities, we thus plan to develop evidence on different strategies for water-sellers to deliver safer water to people lacking piped connections, whilst managing plastic waste at the same time. In Ghana, this involves trying to increase recycling and waste collection for bagged water, which is relatively safe. In Kenya, this involves trying to reduce contamination of water sold in reusable jerrycans. Alongside our household survey evidence on how domestic waste is managed in slums, this should help governments plan waste and water services in poorer areas of Africa's expanding cities.
GOAL: Supporting government and partners in strengthening health systems for better mental health of Syrian refugees and host communities in Lebanon
DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY
GOAL focuses on the challenge of supporting health systems providing for the mental health needs of people affected by protracted displacement, focusing on Lebanon. Poor mental health causes long-term suffering and disability, is a barrier to realising full potential of individuals and society, and impedes progress in achieving the SDGs. Poor mental health is often more common among protracted refugee populations than non-crisis affected populations. Effective mental health services exist, but there are major gaps in access to them, especially among refugee populations. The challenge is how to best deliver such services, including the design of health systems required to support this delivery. This is particularly challenging in protracted displacement settings which can place substantial additional pressure on already strained health systems and where an influx of international aid and actors can risk weakening national government-led responses. GOAL is a partnership between universities, the National Mental Health Programme at the Ministry of Public Health and civil society organisations in Lebanon. It addresses the following questions in the UKRI-GCRF Protracted Displacement call: (i) what should governments at every level do in order to anticipate and efficiently manage protracted stays, reduce refugees' dependence on humanitarian aid and implement systems that facilitate refugee /IDP integration, inclusion and social wellbeing? (ii) How can health care systems for the displaced be expanded to cover areas that are usually neglected in refugee/IDP settings such as (though not limited to) treatment of chronic illnesses, disability and mental health? (iii) How does gendered access to services, economic and cultural opportunities and levels of power influence differently the experiences, opportunities and limitations of men and women? The overall aim of GOAL to support government and partners in strengthening the ability of health systems to meet the mental health needs of refugee and host communities affected by protracted displacement, focusing on Lebanon as it is home to over one million Syrian refugees. It addresses two health system topics, governance and financing, identified as priority areas by key stakeholders in Lebanon and by external independent experts. GOAL's research is framed by the use of Transition Theory and gender is addressed as a cross-cutting issue informing all aspects of the project research. It follow a co-production approach, working closely with key stakeholders - particularly mental health service users. Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used and interdisciplinarity fostered. We also work with mental health service users to produce innovative materials (e.g. animations and augmented reality digital images) communicating the benefits of participation from people with lived experience of mental disorders in research and policy-making processes, and for advocacy and teaching. GOAL has capacity strengthening activities to provide technical training to project partners and key stakeholders, and to support institutional capacity and individual career progression. The main immediate beneficiary will be the National Mental Health Programme at the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon. Other beneficiaries will include key stakeholders including mental health service users, NGOs, and UN agencies, both in Lebanon and other countries responding to protracted displacement situations. The proposal responds to SDG 3 (good health and well-being) and DFID's strategic objectives of strengthening resilience and response to crises, and tackling extreme poverty and helping the world's most vulnerable.
Open Network for WAter-Related Diseases (ONWARD)
DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY
The ONWARD Network (Open Network for Water-Related Diseases) is dedicated to forecasting, early warning & risk mapping for water-associated diseases through use of remote sensing, field observations & mathematical modelling. Our vision is to enable cost-effective, regularly updated, geo-referenced early warning for areas vulnerable to water-associated diseases, which in turn will enable preventive measures to be deployed in a timely manner to minimise the probability of epidemics. Our long-term vision is to establish a system that will be applicable broadly, in a variety of localities & for a variety of diseases. By "water-associated" disease, we mean a rather broad class, including diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera; skin diseases associated with water-borne bacteria or metazoan parasites; vector-borne diseases such as malaria & dengue fever; & others such as hepatitis. The "water" involved may be fresh, or brackish or coastal seawater. The network will respond primarily the GCRF Challenge of Global Health (infectious diseases), & secondarily to that of Resilience to Environmental Shocks & Change (since outbreaks of water-associated diseases are affected by extreme weather events, expected to become more frequent as a result of climate change). The network will also address UN Sustainable Development Goal 3, Target 3d, to "Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction & management of national & global health risks." According to the World Health Organisation, some two billion people use faecally-contaminated drinking water, putting them at risk of death or chronic poor health from water-borne infectious diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid & polio. Provision of safe drinking water is hostage to the influence of extreme weather & flooding. Apart from the fatalities, the effect of a chronic burden of lower-level infection by water-associated diseases is antagonistic to the maintenance of a healthy work force & to the well-being of society in general, to the detriment of sustainable development. For example, cholera kills an estimated 95,000 people every year, but it also makes another 2.9 million seriously ill with a debilitating disease. Hence the need to address, in addition, the resilience of communities to perturbations of the safe drinking water supply under extreme weather events associated with a changing climate. Before now, our ability to develop early warning, risk reduction & management of national & global health risks due to water-associated diseases has been limited by mutual isolation of the scientific communities whose collective effort is required to make progress. Forecasting outbreaks of water-associated diseases & their geo-referenced risk mapping is a complex matter for which the collaboration of experts from several disciplines (ranging from environmental biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, social sciences & epidemiology to remote sensing & modelling) is needed if we are to make real advances. Hitherto, the required experts have rarely encountered each other in a scientific setting. A multidisciplinary network is essential to foster exchange of ideas between them, & so build a collaborative approach to a difficult problem by uniting them behind a common target. We believe that progress in early warning, risk forecasting & risk management of water-associated diseases will be possible through the combined efforts of specialists in the stated disciplines. Establishment of a related network is the perfect way to bring this about. An international team of outstanding experts, as well as related stakeholders, has been assembled to undertake the work. The network will be an open one. As well as the research activity, there will be a component of capacity building delivered through two training courses. The ODA countries involved will be Argentina, Brazil, India, South Africa, & Tanzania; all are susceptible to waterborne diseases.
Shule Bora - Quality Education
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
A national education programme to improve the quality of pre-primary and primary schools in Tanzania. The programme will improve learning outcomes for all children, improve transition rates to secondary school for girls, reduce physical and sexual violence in and around schools, and help children with disabilities access quality education. The programme will work with the Government of Tanzania on achieving these outcomes through a payment-by-results mechanism, supported by technical assistance. The programme will also directly deliver innovative approaches to improving education quality in 9 regions of Tanzania through a contracted Managing Agent, alongside ongoing evaluation and learning.
POF - Pioneer Outcomes Funds
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
A programme to leverage private finance into high performing development projects using Impact Bonds and other pay-for-outcomes models at scale to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals. A multi-donor programme to commission development projects effectively and efficiently using new instruments that facilitate better links between financial markets and providers delivering pay-for-success contracts.
LAFIYA -UK Support for Health in Nigeria
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To save lives, reduce suffering and improve economic prospects for the poorest and most vulnerable in Nigeria through: i. Encouraging Government of Nigeria to increase resources invested in health (through advocacy, community accountability; and data to inform government prioritisation using a “delivery” approach, as used successfully in Pakistan) ii. Improving effectiveness and efficiency of public and private basic health services (through innovative financing mechanisms, strengthening health systems and working with private sector to deliver affordable health services for the poorest populations) iii. Reducing total fertility rate (through addressing social norms, demographic impact analysis, and support to family planning commodities and services).
"Girls and Out of School Children: Action for Learning (GOAL)".
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The Girls and Out of School Children: Action for Learning (GOAL) programme will support the Governments of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) to improve education outcomes for girls and the most marginalised, directly contributing to FCDO’s global commitments to girls’ education on access and learning.
Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn (PERL)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The programme works with government and civil society at federal and state levels to reduce inefficiency and corruption in the use of Nigerian resources and therefore improve delivery of services, including for women, girls and persons with disability. It does this in partnership with other DFID programmes supporting service delivery by helping Nigerian stakeholders improve accountability for use of resources including improving processes for raising revenue, allocating resources, planning and programme implementation.
Education in Emergencies and Protracted Crises EiEPC - 2019-2023
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To transform both the availability and quality of education provision in countries affected by natural and man-made emergencies and prolonged crises. 5. This programme will prioritise education for children in so-called ‘forgotten’ crises and emergencies, especially in Africa. It aims to reach around 250,000 vulnerable children, reducing the time they spend out of school by providing a range of formal and non-formal learning opportunities, including ‘catch-up’ classes. It will focus both on access and improving the quality of education, including much needed-psychosocial support. It will also help teachers to support children who are learning in a new language.
UK Aid Match II Fund
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To support the achievement of the Global Goals through funding UK-based civil society organisations to deliver projects that assist in ending extreme poverty and building a better world by 2030. The programme will also provide opportunities for the UK public to engage in international development issues and have a say in how a portion of the aid budget is spent.
Strengthening Malawi’s Education System
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
This programme aims to improve the quality of education service delivery in Malawi so more girls and boys successfully progress through and complete primary school with measureable improvements in learning outcomes. This will contribute towards the UK’s efforts to support human capital development so more Malawians have the foundations and skills to fulfil their potential and contribute towards national development.
Strengthening public financial management and revenue collection in Rwanda.
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To improve Local Government Public Financial Management, audit and domestic revenue generation in Rwanda. Stronger public financial management will directly support poverty reduction by increasing economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the use of public resources. Increased domestic revenue collection will reduce Rwanda's dependence on aid and will support sustainable growth.
Transparency and Accountability to improve economic development and service delivery(TRACTION)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To improve accountability responsiveness in the delivery of public goods (including business environment) and services at local and national levels. This will be achieved through changes in the way government does business such as improvements in oversight in use of public finances, improvements in how budgets are allocated to reflect needs and more politicians seeking to legitimise themselves based on the delivery of public goods - both at election time and between elections.
Data and Research in Education (DARE) programme
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
This programme will address key constraints in Pakistan's education system to enable quality education for all children, particularly for girls and those marginalised by location, ethnicity, religion and disability. On the one hand it will work with the state to the strengthen the education data system. This is crucial for efficient and effective education service delivery by enabling better identification of need, allocation of resources and measurement of progress - particularly for girls. On the other hand, the programme will work with civil society to promote innovative solutions to the challenges identified through better data, and expose these to rigorous research to build evidence on what works.
Girls' Education in South Sudan Phase II
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
To provide direct financial support to girls in form of cash transfers to support retention and completion; provision of capitation grants for flexible use by schools to support infrastructure, learning materials and access for children with disabilities; development of training materials with the wider education cluster; integrated accelerated learning and livelihood training for adolescent girls up to 18 years of age previously excluded from education and a conflict sensitive, equitable and flexible approach to programming that can adapt to changes in the context for example displaced populations.
Partnerships for Development
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Partnerships for Development (formerly known as GREAT for Partnership) will multiply the UK’s development impact by boosting partnerships between UK’s institutions and their counterparts in the developing world. It will leverage the skills and expertise from a range of UK institutions and supply them initially to DFID partner countries, based on tailored demand. It will initially prioritise the Extractives, Financial Accountability and Anti-Corruption sectors.
Sub-National Governance Programme -II (SNG-II)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The programme will improve government’s management of its public finances and thereby the provision of basic services for the poorest, and the most vulnerable, including women, girls and people with disabilities. It will also strengthen citizens’ perceptions of its performance. This programme will also work across four themes, all aimed at getting the right systems and resources in place for the effective functioning of government and the delivery of services. These themes are: Planning and reform, Budgeting and transparency, Fiscal Space and Innovations.
The EdTech Hub (Educational Technology Hub) - Robust research and innovation on digital, data and technology in education systems, providing global public research goods and direct country support for effective decision making on edtech.
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
Technology has the potential to help solve the global learning crisis. But that potential is not being realised due to gaps in the evidence and gaps in the use of evidence. The EdTech Hub aims to bridge this evidence gap, and supports and empowers people by giving them the evidence they need to make decisions about technology in education.
Sub-National Governance Programme -II (SNG-II)
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
The programme will improve government’s management of its public finances and thereby the provision of basic services for the poorest, and the most vulnerable, including women, girls and people with disabilities. It will also strengthen citizens’ perceptions of its performance. This programme will also work across four themes, all aimed at getting the right systems and resources in place for the effective functioning of government and the delivery of services. These themes are: Planning and reform, Budgeting and transparency, Fiscal Space and Innovations.
Partnership for Learning for All in Nigerian Education - PLANE
UK - Foreign, Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO)
PLANE programme will support achievement of the UK Aid Strategy’s strategic objectives, particularly in relation to tackling extreme poverty and helping the world’s most vulnerable. The programme will also work to strengthen resilience and response to crises, support prosperity in Nigeria and strengthen governance in the education sector. The Programme will benefit up to 2 million children by supporting the Government of Nigeria (GoN) in selected states and non-state partners to improve teaching, school quality, education management and efficient delivery of education. This brings together a short term focus on improving the life chances of Nigeria’s most vulnerable children with medium term goals to support recovery and stability and longer term development goals to improve the overall education system
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